CONTENTS.

(NORSE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA.)

	Page
Preface by J. W. Buel	ix
Introduction by Arthur M. Reeves	xiii
CHAPTER I.
Early Fragmentary References to Wineland	1
Wineland the Good Found	10
CHAPTER II.
The Saga of Eric the Red	16
Eric the Red finds Greenland	29
Saga of Karselfni	30
Concerning Thorbion	32
Christianity is Introduced into Greenland	40
Thorstein Weds Gudrid, Apparitions Appear	44
Funeral Rites Among the Greenlanders	47
Beginning of the Wineland Voyages	50
Karlsefni Explores the Coast South of Vinland	53
The First Settlement in America	55
How a Woman Vanquished the Natives	57
Thorvald Killed by the Skrellings	59
Ireland the Great, or White Man's Land	61
Birth of the First White Child in America	62
CHAPTER III.
Wineland History of the Flatey Book	63
History of the Flatey Book	64
CHAPTER IV.
Translations from the Flatey Book
Story of Eric the Red and other Voyagers	75
Eric Founds a Settlement in America	81
A Country Abounding with Grapes	83
Thorvald goes to Wineland	85
An Engagement with the Natives	87
Thorstein Dies in the Western Settlement	88
A Plague Visits Greenland	89
Voyages of Thorfinn and His Companions	92
Karlsefni Visits Leif's Booths in America	93
[vi]
Freydis Murders two Men and five Women	96
Death of Gudrid, Father of Snorre (Snorri)	101
CHAPTER V.
Wineland in the Icelandic Annals	102
Bishop of Greenland goes to Wineland	103
The Church Fathers in the New World	105
Last Historic Reference to Wineland	107
CHAPTER VI.
Notices of Doubtful Value	108
The Wonderful Story of Biorn	109
Evidences of Irish Occupation of America	113
Difficulty in Locating "Newland"	115
Sagas that Puzzle Historians	117
CHAPTER VII.
Publication of the Wineland Discovery	119
Adam of Bremen Writes of Wineland	121
First Printed Theory Concerning Wineland	123
Arni Magnusson's Collection of Manuscripts	124
Sagas of which their Accuracy is Confirmed	125
Prof. Storm's Treatise upon the Wineland Discovery	126
Notes Explanatory of Prof. Reeves' Text	128
________ BOOK II.
Arguments and Evidences Respecting the Wineland Discovery	148
Introduction to a Study of Icelandic Records	149
Scalds and Sagamen in Icelandic Literature	150
Establishment of Law in Iceland	153
Origin of the Saga	155
Records of Great Deeds Preserved by Skalds	157
Important Position Held by the Skalds	159
Preservation of Ancient Traditions	161
Second Period of Icelandic Literature	162
Purpose served by Skaldic Verse	163
Subjects Treated by the Sagamen	165
Passion for Travel among Icelanders	169
Arne Magnussen (Arni Magnusson) the Learned	171
Third Period in Icelandic Literature	174
Effect of Christianity's Introduction	175
Importance of the Islendingabok	177
Link that Connects the Written and Oral Annals	179
First of Icelandic Historians	191
Chronology of the Historical Sagas	193
Last Period of Icelandic Literature	184
[vii]
Decline of Literary Ambition	185
Rise of Romance and Chivalry	187
The Genealogist Succeeds the Skald	189
Saga of Eric the Red.
Discovery and Colonization of Greenland	191
Bjarne Seeks out Greenland	194
Bjarne is Driven upon Strange Shores	195
Results of Bjarne's Voyage	197
Columbus and the Norse Navigators	198
Voyage of Leif Erikson.
Leif Discovers America	201
Leif's Description of the New World	202
He builds (booths) houses in the New Country	203
Lief Rescues a Shipwrecked Crew	205
Thorvald Repairs to Vinland	206
His Fatal Encounter with the Natives	207
Voyage of Thorstein Erikson	209
Death of Grimhild	211
The Heimskringla Record of the Vineland Discovery	213
The Saga of Thorfin Karlsefni.
His Voyage to Greenland	216
Leif Erikson Entertains Karlsefni	217
Settlement in Vinland by Karlsefni	218
Description of the New Country	220
Karlsefni Explores the Country South	222
The First Year Spent in America	224
A Battle with the Skrellings	225
Another Settlement Founded in America	227
In the Land of the Mysterious Unipeds	228
The Posterity of Karlsefni	230
Voyage of Freydis, Erik's Daughter (translation).
Frequency of Voyages between Iceland and Vinland	231
Discord among the Vinland Colonists	232
Murderous Frenzy of Freydis	234
The Mansur Wood of Vinland	236
Geographical Notices and Comments on the Saga Records	237
Inscriptive Evidences of the Discovery	239
The Dighton Writing Rock	240
Analogy between Dighton and other Inscriptions	243
Runic Stone at Kingikvrsaak	244
Voyages in the Thirteenth Century	245
Norse Discoveries in the Arctic Regions	247
Navigation as a Science among Norsemen	249
Extensive Commerce with many Nations	251
Cause of the Hegira from Norway	252
[viii]
Minor Narratives of the Vinland Discovery	254
Translations from the Saga of Tryggvason	255
Colonization of Great Ireland	257
Translation of the Bjorn (Bjarne) Legend	258
Remarkable Story of Thorvald	259
A Plot laid to kill Bjorn	267
Critical Examination of the Testimony	271
Voyage of Gudleif to New Ireland	272
The White Chief sends a Message	275
Great Ireland a part of America	277
Indian Traditions of White Men	278
Evidence Presented by Ancient Charts	279
Traces of Irish Origin among Indians	280
Language Affinities between Indian and Celtic	282
Cortez writes of a Strange White People	285
Kind of Vessels used by the Irish	287
Druids and Gauls of Caesar's Time	289
How the Celtic Settlers Reached America	291
Similarity between Mexican and Egyptian Monuments	293
________________ NORUMBEGA IN AMERICA.
By HON. R. B. ANDERSON.
CHAPTER I.
Recapitulation of early Voyages and Discoveries	295
Locating the Norse Settlement in America	297
A Boston Monument to Leif Erikson	299
Remarkable Find made by Prof. Horsford	301
Remains of Canals Dug by Norse Settlers	303
Inscription on Horsford's Commemorative Tower	305
Finding the Foundations of a Norse House	307
Prof. Anderson's Opinion of Norumbega	311
CHAPTER II.
Norse Voyages in the Tenth and following Centuries	312
Inducements to Settle Vinland	321
The Catholic Church in Vinland	323
CHAPTER III.
Columbus and the Norsemen	326
Credibility of Authorities Quoted	328
Columbus heard the Story of the Discovery	331
A Leif Erikson Commemorative National Festival	335
CHAPTER IV.
Discovery of America by the Irish	317
Authorities Respecting the Irish Discovery	339
A Mystery that may not be Revealed	341
Geography of Pre-Columbian America	343

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