A History of the Vikings
Contents and Lists
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Aarb. - Aarbøger for nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historic (Copenhagen).
A.T.S. - Antikvarisk Tidskrift för Sverige (Stockholm).
An. S.B. - Altnordische Saga-bibliothek (Halle).
C.S.H.B. - Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae (Bonn).
J.M.N.P. - Jurnal Ministersta Narodnaga Prosveshcheniya (Journal of the Ministry of Public Instruction, St. Petersburg).
K. Vitt. Ant. Akad. Handl. - Kunglige Vitterhets Historie och Antik vitets Akademiens Handlingar (Stockholm).
M.G.H. - Monumenta Germaniae Historia, ed. G. H. Pertz (Hanover): SS. = Scriptores, folio series.
Mem. Soc. Ant. du Nord. - Mémoires de la Société royale des antiquaries du Nord (Copenhagen).
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CHAP. PAGE
INTRODUCTION 1
I. EARLY SCANDINAVIA AND DENMARK 41
II. THE NORTH GERMANS 62
III. THE BIRTH OF THE VIKING NATIONS 78
IV. SCANDINAVIA AND DENMARK IN VIKING TIMES 117
VI. THE SOUTH AND EAST BALTIC COASTS 179
VII. THE WESTERN EMPIRE 193
VIII. ENGLAND 227
IX. IRELAND 274
X. SCOTLAND AND MAN 300
XI. WALES 323
XII. THE FAROE ISLANDS 328
XIII. ICELAND 336
XIV. GREENLAND 361
XV. AMERICA 370
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHIES 389
INDEX OF AUTHORS 393
GENERAL INDEX 396
ix
I. THE PIRAEUS LION: NOW IN VENICE . . Frontispiece - Photograph by 0. Bhm.
II. KEY, BROOCHES, AND OPENWORK ORNAMENT: BRONZE AND SILVER Facing Page 22 - 1. Bronze key. No locality. 2. Silver penannular brooch. Gotland. 3. Bronze ornament. Lom, Norway. 4. Bronze box brooch. Gotland. 5. Bronze oval brooch. Santon, Norfolk. 6. Bronze oval broocb. Bergen, Norway. [All in British Museum]
III. PERSONAL ORNAMENTS OF GOLD AND SILVER - Facing page 26 - 1. Gold ear~ring. Gotland. 2. Gold bracteate. Gotland. 3. Silver finger-ring. Gotland. 4. Gold ring. Hamsey, Sussex. 5. Gold ring. Gotland. 6. Gold bracelet. Wendover, Bucks. 7. Silver torque. Isle of Man. [All in British Museum]
IV. SCULPTURED STONE, STENKYRKA, GOTLAND Facing page 28 - Photograph by J. W. Hamner. [Now in Gotlands Fornsal, Visby]
V. IRON SWORDS, SPEARHEADS, AND AXE Facing page 34 - The axe and spearheads are from the Thames at London. Swords :top left, London, tenth century; top right, Edmonton, tenth century; bottom left, R. Witham, tenth-eleventh centuries; bottom right, Norway, ninth century. [All in British Museum]
VI. MEMORIAL STONES AT JELLINGE, JUTLAND Facing page 100 - Photographs by W. Berthelsen
VII. ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE RUSSO-BULGARIAN WAR Facing page 158 - Vatican Library (MS. Slav. 2, f. 178r)
VIII. COINS OF THE VIKING RULERS IN ENGLAND Facing page 256 - 1. Halfdan (struck at London). 2. Guthred-Cnut (Halfdan's successor, York). 3. Sigfred (Cnut's successor, York). 4. Jarl Sigtryg (c. 895, unidentified: ? struck at Shelford). 5. Ragnvald of Dublin (York). 6. Sigtryg Gale (York). 7. Olaf Cuaran (York). 8. Eric Bloodaxe (York).
IX. KING CNUT AND HIS WIFE AELFGIFU-EMMA - Facing page 270 - British Museum. (Stowe MS. 944)
X. THINGVELLIR, ICELAND Facing page 346 - Photographs by the author
XI. HERJOLFSNESS AND GARDAR, GREENLAND Facing page 364 - Photographs by P. Nrlund.
XII. HOOD AND DRESSES PROM HERJOLFSNESS, GREENLAND Facing page 366 - Photographs by S. Bengtsson
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FIG. PAGE
1. A VIKING 'LONG-SHIP' 25
2. DETAIL OF BROOCH, KAASTA, SWEDEN (after B. Salin) 27
3.* BRONZE OVAL BROOCH, BERGEN 28
4.* BONE PIN FROM THE THAMES 31
5.* DISIGN ON GRAVESTONE, BIBURY, GLOUCESTERSHIRE 31
6. BRONZE WEATHER-VANE, HEDDEN, NORWAY 32
7.* BONE CARVING FROM THE THAMES 35
8.* IRON STIRRUP FROM THE THAMES 36
9. PLAN OF BOAT-GRAVE, GOTLAND (after C. Sve) 48
10. ROCK-CARVINGS OF BRONZE AGE BOATS, BOHUSLAN
(after L. Baltzer) 49
11. THE LATER RUNIC FURTHARC 56
12. MAP OF SOUTHERN SCANDINAVIA 69
13. MAP OF DENMARK 83
14. MAP OF THE DANEVIRKE 92
15. PLAN OF BIRKA, NEAR STOCKHOLM 95
16. PLAN OF HEDEBY, NEAR SLESWIG 95
17. SILVER COINS FROM BIRKA 96
18. MAP OF HEDEBY DISTRICT AND NORTH FRISIA 99
19. MAP OF THE VIK DISTRICT OF NORWAY 105
20. MAP OF THE RUSSIAN RIVER-ROUTES 144
21. THE SLAVS OF THE DNIEPER BASIN 150
22. MAP OF THE CASPIAN REGION 161
23. SEAL OF A PANSEBASTOS OF THE VARANGIANS 175
24. MAP OF THE JOMSBORG DISTRICT 180
25. MAP OF THE BALTIC COASTS 188
26. MAP OF THE DORSTAD REGION 195
27. THE WESTERN EMPIRE IN 843 197
28. MAP OF FRANCE 198
29. MAP OF SPAIN 201
30. MAP OF THE LANDS 'WEST-OVER-SEA' 228
31. MAP OF ENGLAND AND WALES 232
32. MAP OF IRELAND 278
33. SITE OF THE BATTLE OF CLONTARF 294
34. MAP OF SCOTLAND 302
35. MAP OF THE FAROE ISLANDS 329
36. MAP OF ICELAND 337
37. PLAN OF THINGVELLIR 344
38. MAP OF GREENLAND 362
39. MAP OF NORTH-EAST COAST OF AMERICA 374
40. MAP OF WINELAND-THE-GOOD 378
* Figures 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8 are reproduced from the British Museum Guide to Anglo-Saxon Antiquities, by permission of the Trustees.
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