Prose Edda - Brodeur Trans.
Skáldskaparmál
213
Himinhrjódr (1) and Apli, (2)
Arfr (3) and Arfuni. (4)
These are names of serpents: Dragon, Fáfnir, Mighty Monster, Adder,
Nídhöggr, Lindworm, She-Adder, Góinn, (5) Móinn,
(5) Grafvitnir, (5) Grábakr, (5) Ófnir, (5) Sváfnir,
(5) Hooded One.
Neat-Cattle: Cow,
calf, oxen, heifer, yearling, steer, bull.
Sheep: Ram, buck, ewe, lamb, wether.
Swine: Sow, she-pig, boar, hog, suckling.
LVIII. "What are
the names of the air and of the winds? Air is called Yawning Void and Middle
World, Bird-Abode, Wind-Abode. Wind is called Storm, Breeze, Gale, Tempest,
Gust, Blowing. Thus does one read in Alsvinnsmál:
Wind 't is called
among menfolk,
And Waverer with the gods,-
Neigher the great powers name it;
Shrieker the giants,
And Shouter elves call it;
In Hel Clamorer 't is called.
The Wind is also called Blast.
LIX. "Two are those birds which there is no need to periphrase
otherwise than by calling blood and corpses their Drink and Meat: these
are the raven and the eagle. All other male birds may be periphrased in
metaphors of blood
1. Heaven-Bellowing, or perhaps Heaven-Destroyer.
2. Calf.
3. Bull; properly cattle, pecus, fee; hence, inheritance.
4. Heir; cf. with 3.
5. For these names and their meanings, see Gylfag., ch. xvi.
214
or corpses and then their names are terms of the eagle or the raven. As
Thjódólfr sang:
The Prince with
Eagle's Barley
Doth feed the bloody moor-fowl:
The Hörd-King bears the sickle
Of Odin to the gory Swan's crop;
The Sater of the Vulture
Of the Eagle's Sea of corpses
Stakes each shoal to the southward
Which he wards, with the spear-point.
These are names of the raven:
Crow, Huginn, (1) Muninn, (1)
Bold of Mood, Yearly Flier, Year-Teller, Flesh-Boder.
Thus sang Einarr Tinkling-Scale:
With flesh the Host-Convoker
Filled the feathered ravens:
The raven, when spears were screaming,
With the she-wolf's prey was sated.
Thus sang Einarr Skúlason:
He who gluts the
Gull of Hatred,
Our precious lord, could govern
The sword; the hurtful raven
Of Huginn's corpse-load eateth.
And as he sang further:
But the King's heart
swelleth,
His spirit flushed with battle,
1. For the meaning of these
names (which are those of Odin's Ravens), see Gylfag., ch. xxxviii.
215
Where heroes shrink;
dark Muninn
Drinks blood from out the wounds.
As Víga-Glúmr
sang:
When stood the shielded
Maidens
Of the gory sword, strife-eager,
On the isle; the Bold of Mood then
Received the meat of wound-blood.
As Skúli Thorsteinsson
sang:
Not the hindmost
in the hundred
Might Hlökk of horns have seen me,
Where to the Yearly Flier
I fed the wounds full grievous.
The erne is called Eagle, Old
One, Storm-Shearer, Inciter, Soarer, Wound-Shearer, Cock. As Einarr sang:
With blood the lips
he reddened
Of the black steed of Járnsaxa;
With steel Erne's meat was furnished:
The Eagle slit the Wolf's Bait.
As Óttarr sang:
The Erne swills
corpse-drink,
The She-wolf is sated,
The Eagle there feedeth,
Oft the wolf his fangs reddens.
216
As Thjódólfr sang:
The Spoiler of the
Lady
Swiftly flew with tumult
To meet the high God-Rulers,
Long hence, in Old One's plumage. (1)
And as stands here:
With skill will
I rehearse
Of the Storm-Shearer my verse.
And again as Skúli sang:
Early and late with
sobbing
I wake, where well is sated
The hawk of the Cock's blood-ocean:
Then the bard heareth good tidings.
LX. "What are the
names of the Sea? It is called Ocean, Main, Wintry, Lee, Deep, Way, Weir,
Salt, Lake, Furtherer. As Arnórr sang, and as we have written above:
Let men hear how
the Earls' King,
Hardy of mind, the Sea sought;
The overwhelming Ruler
Failed not to resist the Main. (2)
Here it is named Sea, and Main
also
"Ocean, as Hornklofi sang:
When the man-scathing
Meeter
Of the Mansion of the Rock-Reefs
1. See page 130.
2. See page 198.
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