The Guthones
The first great achievement of Tautarikis was, when he defeated the Sarmation
army and killed their king Babai near Singidunum (modern Belgrade). Enormous
treasure and many Sarmations as slaves fell into the hands of Tautarikis. Thus
he revenged Sarmatians for their invasion of Tautameris' territory. Not only
Goths, but also Romans rejoiced over such Tautarikis' success.
In 474, Tautameris died, and his son Tautarikis became the king of Goths. Then
the Gothic nation became powerful and famous. During the reign of Tautarikis,
the following remarkable events took place.
For a long time but with a degree of success he waged the war against the Byzantian
emperor Zeno. This was the war of revenge against Byzantium, because they treacherously
wronged Tautmantas (Thiudamunths), the brother of Tautarikis. Zeno became weary,
and in 483 he gave to Tautarikis a vast amount of gold and an enormous tract
of land, asking him to conclude the peace.
In 485, two rebel generals of Constantinople, Illus and Romulus, caused some
trouble to Zeno. Tautarikis completely defeated their army. For this Zeno was
very grateful, and he erected an equestrian statue in a public square of Constantinople
in honor of Tautarikis.
On the 15th day of March, 493, Tautarikis with his own hand murdered Vadakaris
(Otachar, rex Herulorum) the king of Heruli and of Italy, and declared himself
as the king of Italy. This was the nastiest of Tautarikis' crimes, because on
account of his personal ambitions he dared to kill his kinsman, and even treacherously.
But some historians justify Tautarikis, because it is said that Vadakaris also
plotted to murder Tautarikis.
In 497, emperor Anastasius recognized Tautarikis as the king of Italy and had
sent to him the purple robe and the diadem.
The whole world feared Tautarikis, sought his favors, respected him and sent
him gifts. Even Lithuanian ancestors the Aestii have sent him amber as a present.
In those days amber was more valued in Rome than gold. Therefore Tautarikis
thanking for the amber, dispatched to the Aestians a letter, worded thus:
"Haestis, Theodoricus rex. Illo et illo legatis vestris venientibus grande
vos studium notitiae nostrae habuisse cognovimus; ut in Oceani litoribus constituti,
cum nostra mente jungamini: suavis nobis admodum et gratia petitio, ut ad vos
perveniret fama nostra, ad quos nulla potuimus destinare mandata. Amate jam
cognitum, quem requisistis ambienter ignotum. Nam inter tot gentes viam presumere,
non est aliquid facile concupiisee. Et ideo salutatione vos affectuosa requirentes,
indicamus succina, quae a vobis per harum portitores directa sunt, grato animo
fuisse suscepta, quae ad vos Oceani unda descendens, hanc levissimam substantiam,
sicut et vestrorum relatio continebat, exportat; sed unde veniat, incognitum
vos habere dixerunt, quam ante omnes homines patria vestra offerente suscipitis.
Haec quodam Cornelio scribente legitur in interioribus insulis Oceani ex arboris
succo defluens, unde et succinum dicitur, paulatim solis ardore coalescere.
Fit enim sudatile metallum teneritudo perspicua, modo croceo colore rubens,
modo fiamea claritate pinguescens, ut cum in maris fluerit delapsa confinio,
aestu alternante purgata. vestris litoribus tradatur exposita. Quod ideo judicavimus
indicandum, ne omnino putetis notitiam nostram fugere, quod occultum creditis
vos habere. Proinde requirite nos saepius per vias, quas amor vester aperuit.
Quia semper prodest divitum regum acquisita concordia, qui dum parvo munere
leniuntur, majore semper compensatione prospiciunt. Aliqua vobis etiam per legatos
vestros verbo mandavimus, per quos quae grata esse debeant nos destinasse declaramus."
---- Cassiod. Variar. v. 2.
"To the Haestii, Tautarikis the king. From your distinguished envoys that
have arrived, who attracted our attention, we have learned about your activities;
although you inhabit the distant shores of the Ocean, at least with your hearts
unite with us: it is gratifying and surprising to us to learn that our fame
has reached you, to whom we were unable to send any communication. Love the
one with whom you are now acquainted, the one whom (unknown) you seeked for
a long time. Indeed to press through so many nations and to find the way is
not so easy. And therefore we affectionably greet you, noting the amber, which
was sent by you through your couriers, and we acknowledge that we have received
it with a grateful heart, which the descending waves of the Ocean cast out to
you on the shore, this lightest of all substances, as it was revealed to us
by the story of your envoys; but how it comes thither, they say that you know
not, and amongst all the nations you are the only ones to obtain it generously
in your native land. But as we are informed by a certain uathor named Cornelius,
it is a juice (succum) that was flowing down from the trees in the innermost
islands of the Ocean, whence it is called succinum (amber), and gradually hardened
by the heat of the sun. Thus it becomes an exuded metal of transparant consistency,
sometimes blushing with the colour of saffron, sometimes glowing with flame----like
brightness; and then gliding down to the margin of the sea, and being purified
by the rolling tides, it is at length cast out upon your shores. We have thought
it better to point this out to you, lest you should think that all this has
escaped our knowledge, which you believe is your secret. By all means visit
us more often through the same roads which your affection had opened up. Because
it is always advantageous to keep the acquired friendship of the wealthy kings,
who being pleased with a small present, always foresee a greater compensation.
The rest of the message we send you through your ambassadors, through whom we
declare what caused us to express our gratitude."
The world is grateful to Tautarikis, because he loved and protected
Roman art. He punished those that ventured to destroy ancient statues and architecture.
Once he learned that someone had stolen a bronze statue from a public square
at Cumae; he immediately sent a message to the Gothic senator Dankyla (Thankila)
with a promise of 100 pounds of gold shillings for the recovery of that statue.
Later he sent another letter stating that he would pardon the thieves if they
would confess and return that statue; otherwise they would be punished by death.
Every year he assigned 200 pounds of gold (about 40,000 dollars) for the repairs
of ancient structures. He always propagated the idea, that "it is more
sublime to preserve what is ancient, than to build new structures."
In religious matters, Tautarikis was very tolerant. He respected
the Catholic bishops just as much as the Arian bishops. He himself was of the
Arian faith, but always sided with justice. He protected those that were maltreated.
If an Arian priest wronged a Catholic, he punished that Arian priest by death.
To his enemies he was austerely cruel, but to his faithful subjects
he was merciful and just. In cases where the crops failed, he absolved the farmers
from the government taxes. If he discovered that some official wronged somebody,
then he severely punished that official. Tautarikis even encouraged the people
to come directly to him with their complaints. Therefore Roman citizens highly
esteemed their "barbarian" king.
In his old age, however, Tautarikis became feeble-minded and despotic.
Then he began suspecting even his nearest friends as conspirators. He doomed
many innocent persons. He kept in prison the famous philosopher and writer Boethius,
innocently, until there he died. He also murdered Symmachus, the greatest historian
of that age, only from a fear lest Symmachus might avenge the death of Boetius,
simply because he was an uncle of Boetius. Pope John the First was suspected
of treason, because it was supposed that during his visit to the Byzantian emperor
he remarked that the dominion of Tautarikis is weakened, and for this he was
thrown into prison where he died in May A.D. 526. Then Tautarikis, suspecting
that all the Catholics were digging under the foundations of his government
because of the pope's martyrdom, began to despise and persecute all the Catholics.
Everybody thought then, that the Neronian age would come back to Rome again.
In the beginning of August, 526, Tautarikis suddenly became ill.
It is said, that he saw on the table a head of a big fish, and suddenly he began
to cry that it was the head of Symmachus which stared at him with revengful
eyes. Then he went to bed, became delirious, called to his bedside all the Gothic
leaders, said farewell to everybody, taking an oath from each that they should
be faithful to his nephew Alarikis and to his daughter Amalasvinta, and expired
on the 13th day of August, A.D. 526.
(15) ATALARIKIS (Athalareiks). The name of this king is composed of two words:
Athala (Atolus in Lithuan.) means noble, and –rikis.
Atalarikis, ten years old boy, on the 26th day of August, 526, became the lawful
king of Italy and the Grand Chief of the Ostrogoths. The regents of this youthful
king were general Dulbins (Thulvins) and his mother Amalasvinta. Amalasvinta
was Romanized and full of ambitions renegate. She tutored her son Atalarikis
in a Roman atmosphere; therefore this young king admired everything that was
Greek, venerated everything that was Roman, and loathed anything that was Gothic.
He always insulted the Goths and was ashamed of his own nationality. He was
a dissolute drunkard, and on account of his lewdness he lost his health. There
are many examples in history of the fact that the descendants of geniuses, as
a rule, are degenerates.
Dulbins and other noted Gothic chiefs reprehended Amalasvinta
for demoralizing Atalarikis, therefore Amalasvinta managed to murder the great
Gothic patriot Dulbins.
October 3rd, 534, Atalarikis died from tuberculosis, achieving
nothing worth while for the Gothic nation.
(16) TAUTAGODA (Thiudagoda). The name of this king is composed of two words:
Thiuda (Tauta in Lithuanian) means nation, and goda (goda in Lithuanian also)
means honor. Hence this name means "The honor of the nation".
In 534, both Amalasvinta and Tautagoda were raised to the throne of Italy. Amalasvinta
endeavored to outwit Tautagoda; and Tautagoda strived to find the means of getting
rid of Amalasvinta. The Goths really hated Amalasvinta on account of her degeneracy.
In a short time the avengers of Dulbins killed everybody that participated in
the murder of Dulbinas, and at the same time they captured Amalasvinta and took
her to prison on the island of lake Bolsena. Later the worshipers of Dulbinas
broke into that prison and smothered Amalasvinta in a bath. Other historians
believe that Theodora, the wife of Justinian, and Gudelina the wife of Tautagoda,
planned the murder of Amalasvinta from jealousy, because Amalasvinta was a very
beautiful woman and quite coquettish.
The Byzantian emperor Justinian for a long time wished to free
the Roman Empire from the Gothish yoke. Now there was a good pretext. Immediately
he denounced Tautagoda as a murderer, and pretending to avenge the death of
Tautarikis' daughter Amalasvinta, he declared war against Tautagoda. Tautagoda
was a coward, unworthy the name of Goth. Secretly he began to inquire how much
of gold he would obtain from Justinian for the surrender. The Gothic chiefs
learned about these treacherous plans of Tautagoda, they rebelled against him
and elected VITIGIS for their Grand Chief. Tautagoda was fleeing to the fortress
of Ravenna, but the general of Vitigis named Aptakarys (Optaharyis) overtook
and killed him. Such was the doggish end of a villain and a coward.
(17) VITIGIS (Vitiges), means "a brave knight". The Russian word "Vitiaz"
is borrowed from the Lithuanian "vytis" (= a knight).
There are many inhabitants in Lithuania with names: Vytis, Vytautas, Vitika,
Vitginas, Bud-vitis, etc., etc.
King Vitigis was loyal to Goths, was brave in war, and enduring,
but he lacked wit in some strategical questions. He made a terrible mistake
when he left in Rome only 4000 warriors, while he himself with his whole grand
army withdrew to Ravenna. The Byzantian general Belisarius immediately besieged
Rome. When Gothic defenders saw the immense and well equipped Byzantian army,
they lost their courage and quietly deserted the city. Only brave Liaudakarys
(Leudaharyis) remained at his post, and naturally he was taken as a prisoner.
Belisarius without any opposition took Rome on the 9th day of December, A.D.
536. Belisarius was wise, because he immediately repaired the walls of the city
and waited for the Goths. And he wasn't mistaken. Vitigis regreting the loss
of Rome, with 150,000 of his men, soon surrounded that city. From the beginning
of March, 537, the siege lasted for one year and nine days, till Vitigis succeeded
in forcing Balisarius out of Rome.
In this terribly hard siege, the following Gothic generals had
shown their valour: Liaudakarys (Leudakaryis), Visants (Wisanths), Vakis (Wakis),
Ginvila (Hiunvila), Pocius (Patsis), Albis (Albes), Vilicius (Vilithius), Vireika
(Viraihya) and others, whose names are really Lithuanian.
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