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The Guthones
For about two more years the Gothic army had to struggle with
the Byzantians. Both sides were fatigued. Some of the Goths became traitors,
and the worst traitress was Matasvinta, the wife of Vitigis. In the spring,
540, Vitigis was taken as a war prisoner and was sent to Constantinople. She was a beautiful woman, and Vitigis adored her so much that
he even struck coins with her name on them. But Matasvinta hated her husband,
always seeked the opportunity to get rid of him, and she never was faithful
to him. After losing Vitigis, the Goths elected for their king Giltibaudas
in 540. The Gothic nation was badly depressed then on account of various failures.
Giltibaudas didn't have any confidence in himself, and in the assembly of the
Gothic chiefs he repeatedly insisted that it wasn't becoming for him to be the
king of the Goths, and maybe it would be better if some foreigner would rule
over the abashed Gothic nation. Giltibaudas, however, was a very capable leader. He annihilated
the immense Roman army near Treviso. Almost the whole Roman army perished there.
The Goths flocked under the command of Giltibaudas from everywhere. The Gothic
army again became powerful. Everybody loved and respected Giltibaudas, because
he proved to be really a valiant and a capable ruler. But even then his fate
was tangled up by a woman: Giltibaudas' wife quarrelled with the wife of the
Gothic hero named Vyreika. And she induced Giltibaudas to kill Vyreika, which
he soon did. One day, while Giltibaudas was feasting with some noted Gothic
chiefs, unexpectedly a certain Gepid, a friend of Vyreika's with his sword smote
the head of Giltibaudas from behind, and thus death took away Giltibaudas ("the
death inhibitor"). Badvila was very tactful, merciful and a witty king. All the Goths
heeded him and loved him. The whole world was astonished when Badvila with 5000
of his men completely crushed the Roman army consisting of 12,000 men. This
famous battle took place in the year of 541. Badvila was as frugal with the Gothic lives as he could be. If
he blockaded some fortress, then he watchfully waited until famine would press
the Roman warriors to surrender. He very seldom besieged any fortification by
storm. In his characteristic manner he blockaded the city of Naples in 542.
Emperor Justinian was sending by land and sea some reinforcements to Naples.
But Badvila destroyed this whole army of Justinian, and captured its generals.
Then he ordered Demetrius put in chains, dragged him around the walls, and showed
to the Neapolitans what had happened to that most famous general. When Neapolitans
were hard pressed by famine and diseases, they sent an embassy to Badvila asking
him to grant them 30 days truce till relief could come from Constantinople;
and if within that time no help should come, then they promised to surrender.
Badvila answered to the ambassadors: "I shall grant you three times 30
days delay, if you choose to take it". Such tactics disquieted the Neapolitans,
and after several days they opened the city's gates and capitulated without
any stipulations. The world was once more astonished, when Badvila didn't plunder
that capitulated city, but even gave orders to his officers to help the sick
and those that were wounded, and to supply everybody with proper food. He allowed
Conon, the defender of the city, to embark on boats with his whole army, and
sail wherever he preferred. Conon was ashamed to sail to Constantinople, so
he decided to sail to Rome. But the wind was unfavourable, and Conon was lamenting
that he was unable to escape when Badvila gave him a chance to escape, and now
surely he and his companions would become war prisoners. When Badvila heard
about this, he assured Conon that he shouldn't fear, because they would not
be imprisoned. He even suggested that they might travel by land. For this purpose
Badvila supplied Conon with money and provisions. This was the first instance
in history, that the conqueror didn't take captives into slavery. He even showed
them mercy! About such conduct on Badvila's part, the news spread all over Italy
and throughout the world. Italians began to like that "barbarian"
king. City after city surrendered to him. On the 17th day of December, 546, Badvila captured
Rome. And here again everybody was surprised, that Badvila purposely gave a
chance for the Byzantians to escape from the city. When others urged him to
pursue the enemy, he calmly said: "Nothing more could please a conqueror
than the flight of the enemy". After taking possession of Rome, Badvila
soon sent his envoys to Justinian asking if it were not about time to come to
an agreement. Foolishly proud Justinian insulted the envoys and refused to negotiate.
Then Badvila decided to set the city of Rome on fire and to destroy it so, that
"the city would turn into a sheep pasture". And when Belisarius, the
general of Justinian, heard about this, he dispatched a letter to Badvila asking
him the following question: "Do you choose that history would brand you
and abhor you because you were the destroyer of the noblest city in the world;
or that it would honor you as the preserver of that city?" When Badvila
received this letter he read it attentively, as if desiring to learn its contents
by heart. And Badvila spared Rome, but he destroyed the walls which surrounded
the city, so that in the future nobody could defend Rome. In Badvila's army
the most famous generals were Uzdrila (Usdrila) and Alkgiras (Alhgairns). In the year 549, Belisarius with his whole army withdrew from
Italy. Again the Goths were the sole masters in Italy. In the year 552, there was a terrible battle between Goths and
Byzantians, near the town of Taginae. The Byzantian army was led by general
Narses. This time the Goths were unlucky, and Badvila had to flee. During his
flight, a certain Gepid named Asbads pierced Badvila with a lance. So expired
the greatest Gothic hero, who had reigned over Italy for eleven years.
Deja was the last king of the Ostrogoths. The state of affairs
of the Gothic nation then was already pitiable. The days of their dominion in
Italy were passing away. Here and there they sought for assistance, but nobody
wanted to help the Goths. The Visigoths refused to help their kinsmen, because
a worm of jealousy was gnawing them. The Germans (Allemans and Franks) only
sneered at the Gothic distress, because their desire was to see the crumbling
of the Gothic power, so that they could grab Italy for themselves. There was no chance now for the wearied Gothic army to gain any
victory over the enormous and the well equipped Roman army. Soon the news reaching
king Deja, that the brother of Badvila named Alkgiras was defending the fortress
of Cumae, therefore Deja hastened with his brave warriors there to help him.
But Narses with his whole army intercepted Deja's march. Deja's army was forced
to pitch camp at the foot of Vesuvius. For two months the Goths defended themselves,
and they could have held the ground much longer if not for some traitors. One
of the Gothic admirals was bringing provisions to the Goths, and he sold the
ships with all their contents to the Byzantians. Being pressed by hunger, the
Goths devoured their horses. After this, seeing that death was inevitable for
the Gothic nation, they decided for better or for worse to assault the Roman
army. The battle that ensued was desperate and terrible. Like a lion Deja smote
the Romans. And when Deja's armor became heavy, because twelve spears were imbedded
in it, he threw that armor aside. While changing armor, instantly Deja was pierced
in the breast by a Roman arrow. So fell the last king of the Ostrogoths. The Romans cut off Deja's head, and setting it on a pole, displayed
it to the Gothic army. But the Goths were not frightened by this awful sight.
They encouraged each other saying: "If our Grand Chief Deja gave his life
for the Gothic nation, then it would be a shame for us to submit to slavery".
And the remnant of the Gothic warriors fought furiously for two successive days.
On the third day they were so overfatigued and pressed by famine, that they
sent their ambassadors to the Roman general Narses to treat for peace. Even
then the Goths would by no means humble themselves, nor would they become the
subjects of Justinian. The Goths promised never again to raise their arms against
the Roman Empire, and that they would leave Italy, provided, that the Romans
would supply them with the necessary money for their journey, and that during
their exodus no one would molest them. Then the Roman generals held a council,
and perceiving that it was too dangerous to struggle with the desperate Goths,
they decided to accept those conditions. In March, 533, the remnants of the Gothic army commenced their
exodus in the northward direction. Large groups of the Gothic people went back
to the land of their ancestors, namely to Prussia and Lithuania; others found
home in Spain amongst their kinsmen Balthagoths (Visigoths); others settled
in Crimea; and others were scattered elsewhere. Ostrogoths were the rulers of Italy for 60 years, then they suddenly
disappeared from the pages of History, and we have no more records concerning
the fate of the Ostrogothic people. The lack of unity ruined them....... In the spring the majority of the Goths left Italy. Soon, by fall,
innumerable bands of Germans (Allemans and Franks) poured into that territory.
Wherever the Germans entered, they plundered, burned, and destroyed. The Roman
people were grieving that they forced out the Gothic serpent from their homes,
and now were unable to check the German crocodile...... Alas, now more than
ever, Italy was deluged in blood and fire.
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