Bibliography

Aðalsteinsson, Jón Hnefill (1990) Old Norse Religion in the Sagas of Icelanders Gripla vol. 7, pp. 303-22.

Cunningham, Michael (2002), Under the Hammer, (article).

Craigie, W.A. The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia, LONDON
CONSTABLE & COMPANY LTD 10 ORANGE STREET LEICESTER SQUARE.

Davidson, H.R.E. (1968) The Road to Hel: A Study of the Conception of the Dead in Old Norse Literature (Hilda Roderick Ellis), Greenwood Press Publishers, New York.
- (1988) Myths and Symbols In Pagan Europe, Syracuse University Press.
- (1993) The Lost Beliefs of Northern Europe Barns and Knobles Books, New York.
- (1996) Otherworld Cattle, Originally published in At the Edge No.1 1996.
- (1998) Roles of the Northern Goddess Routledge, London and New York.

DuBois, Thomas A. (1999) Nordic Religions in the Viking Age, University of Pennsylvania Press.

 

DuChaillu, Paul B. (1890) The Viking Age (2 volumes) Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.

Fitzhugh, William W and Ward, Elisabeth I. (2000) Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London, in association with the National Museum of Natural History.

Grimm, Jakob (1883, 1888) Grimm's Teutonic Mythology, Vol.'s 1-4.

Hill, Thomas D. (1982) The Confession of Beowulf and the Structure of Volsunga Saga, from the book – The Vikings, R. T. Farrell, editor, London – Phillimore.

Jochens, Jenny (1995) Women In Old Norse Society, Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London.
- (1996) Old Norse Images of Women, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.

Keyser, Rudoph (1854) The Religion of the Northmen, Translated by Barclay Pennock, NEW YORK: CHARLES B. NORTON, 71 CHAMBERS STREET,
AGENT FOR LIBRARIES. 1854.

Panati, Charles (1987) Panati's Extraordinary Origins of Everyday Things Harper and Row Publishers, New York.
- (1996) Sacred Origins of Profound Things Penguin-Arcana.

Quennell (1924) Everyday Life In Roman and Anglo-Saxon Times.

Simek, Rudolf (1993) Dictionary of Northern Mythology Translated by Angela Hall, D. S. Brewer, Cambridge.

Simpson, Jacqueline (1967) Everyday Life in the Viking Age B. T. Batsford LTD, London – G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York.

Turville-Petre, E. O. G. (1964) Myth and Religion of the North: The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, Chicago, San Francisco.

Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, by Geir T. Zoëga, Oxford at the Clarendon Press.


Eddas

The Poetic Edda Translated by Bellows with editing and emendations by Ari Óðinsson.

The Poetic Edda, translated by Paul B. Taylor & W.H. Auden.

The Prose Edda (Gylfaginning and Skaldskaparmal) Scandinavian Classics Volume V: The Prose Edda by Snorri Sturluson. Translated From The Icelandic With An Introduction By Arthur Gilchrist Brodeur, Ph.D. New York, The American-Scandinavian Foundation. London: Humphrey Milford Oxford University Press. 1923.

The Prose Edda, by Snorri Sturluson, translated by Arthur Gilchrist Brodeur, Oxford University Press, 1923.

Web sites

Estonian National Museum Web Site, http://www.erm.ee/index.html.

Hodge, Winifred and Garrison, Suzana, Soulmaking, article from the Lifebringers' Guild. http://www.friggasweb.org/soulmaki.html




Sagas, Heroic Tales and Histories


The Tale of Ale Hood, Hrafnkel's Saga and Other Stories, translated by Hermann Palsson, Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1970.

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Translation by Rev. James Ingram (London, 1823), with additional readings from the translation of Dr. J.A. Giles (London, 1847),
Everyman Press, London, 1912.

The Tale of Auden and the Bear, Hrafnkel's Saga and Other Stories, translated by Hermann Palsson, Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1970.

Bandamanna Saga (The Saga of the Confederates), The Sagas of the Icelanders, edited by Örnólfur Thorsson, translaters – Katrina C. Attwood, George Clark, Ruth C. Ellison, Terry Gunnell, Keneva Kunz, Anthony Maxwell, Martin S. Regal, Bernard Scudder and Andrew Wawn, Penguin Books - 2000, copyright 1997, Leifur Eiríksson Publishing LTD.

Beowulf, from Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburg, Edited by F. Klaeberg, Boston: D.C. Heath and Company, 1928, 1936.

Bolli Bollason's Tale, The Sagas of the Icelanders, edited by Örnólfur Thorsson, translaters – Katrina C. Attwood, George Clark, Ruth C. Ellison, Terry Gunnell, Keneva Kunz, Anthony Maxwell, Martin S. Regal, Bernard Scudder and Andrew Wawn, Penguin Books - 2000, copyright 1997, Leifur Eiríksson Publishing LTD.

Bosi and Herraud's Saga, Seven Viking Romances, translated by Magnusson, Magnus and Hermann Palsson, Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1980.

Droplaugarson's Saga. The Flottsdale Saga and the Droplaugarsons, translated by Jean Young and Eleanor Haworth, Everyman's Library, 1990.

Egil and Asmund´s Saga, Seven Viking Romances, translated by Magnusson, Magnus and Hermann Palsson, Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1980.

Egil's Saga, translated by Rev. W. C. Green, 1893.
-- The Sagas of the Icelanders, edited by Örnólfur Thorsson, translaters – Katrina C. Attwood, George Clark, Ruth C. Ellison, Terry Gunnell, Keneva Kunz, Anthony Maxwell, Martin S. Regal, Bernard Scudder and Andrew Wawn, Penguin Books - 2000, copyright 1997, Leifur Eiríksson Publishing LTD.

Eirik the Red's Saga, The Sagas of the Icelanders, edited by Örnólfur Thorsson, translaters – Katrina C. Attwood, George Clark, Ruth C. Ellison, Terry Gunnell, Keneva Kunz, Anthony Maxwell, Martin S. Regal, Bernard Scudder and Andrew Wawn, Penguin Books - 2000, copyright 1997, Leifur Eiríksson Publishing LTD.

Erybyggja Saga (1892) THE SAGA LIBRARY, VOL. II: THE STORY OF THE ERE-DWELLERS, translated by William Morris & Eirikr Magnusson Bernard Quaritch, London.
-- translated by Hermann Palsson and Paul Edwards, 1988.

Færeyinga Saga (The Tale of Thrond of Gate), The Tale of Thrond of Gate Commonly Called Færeyinga Saga, Translated by F. York Powell, London
David Nutt, 270-71 Strand, 1896.

The Flatey Book, The Flatey Book and Recently Discovered Vatican Manuscripts Concerning America as Early as the Tenth Century, Published by the Norræna Society, London Stockholm Copenhagen Berlin New York, 1908, 1906, translated by T. H. Smart.

Fljotsdale Saga, The Flottsdale Saga and the Droplaugarsons, translated by Jean Young and Eleanor Haworth, Everyman's Library, 1990.

Fridthjof the Bold's Saga, in Viking Tales of North (1877) translated by Rasmus B. Anderson, Chicago: S. C. Griggs and Company London: Trübner & Co.

Tacitus' Germania translated by Thomas Gordon.

Gisli Sursson's Saga, The Sagas of the Icelanders, edited by Örnólfur Thorsson, translaters – Katrina C. Attwood, George Clark, Ruth C. Ellison, Terry Gunnell, Keneva Kunz, Anthony Maxwell, Martin S. Regal, Bernard Scudder and Andrew Wawn, Penguin Books - 2000, copyright 1997, Leifur Eiríksson Publishing LTD.

Gothic History Of Jordanes In English Version With An Introduction And A Commentary, Translated by Charles Christopher Mierow - Speculum Historiale 1966.

Greenland's Saga. The Pre-Columbian Discovery of America by the Northmen, With Translations From the Icelandic Sagas, By B.F. DE COSTA Second Edition, Albany, N.Y.: Joel Munsell's Sons, Publishers 1890.
-- The Vinland Sagas: The Norse Discovery of America, translated by Magnus Magnusson and Hermann Palsson, Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1980.

Grettir's Saga translated by G. H. Hight 1914.

The Tale of Gunnlaug the Worm-tongue and Raven the Skald, Three Northern Love Stories and Other Tales, Translated by Eirikr Magnusson and William Morris, Longmans, Green, and Co. London – New York – Bombay, 1901.

The Tale of Halldor Snorrason, Hrafnkel's Saga and Other Stories, translated by Hermann Palsson, Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1970.

The Tale of Helgi Thorisson, Seven Viking Romances, translated by Magnusson, Magnus and Hermann Palsson, Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1980.

The Tale of Hogni and Hedinn, Three Northern Love Stories and Other Tales, Translated by Eirikr Magnusson and William Morris, Longmans, Green, and Co. London – New York – Bombay, 1901.

Hörd's Saga, (Excerpts from the saga), The Viking Age by Paul B. DuChaillu, (2 volumes) Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1890.

Heimskskringla: Halfdan the Black Saga, Harold Harfagers saga, Hakon the Good's Saga, Saga of King Harald Grafeld and of Earl Hakon Son of Sigurd, King Olaf Trygvason's Saga I, Saga of Olaf Haraldson, Saga of Magnus the Good, Saga of Harald Hardrade, Saga of Olaf Kyrre, Magnus Barefoot's Saga, Saga of Sigurd the Crusader and His Brothers Eystein and Olaf, Saga of Magnus the Blind and of Harald Gille, Saga of Sigurd, Inge and Eystein, the Sons of Harald, Saga of Hakon Herdebreid, Magnus Erlingson's Saga, Heimskringla: A History of the Norse Kings Norroena Society, London, 1907.

Heitharvega Saga, public domain version at the Northvegr web site.

Hervarar Saga, (Excerpts from the saga), The Viking Age by Paul B. DuChaillu, (2 volumes) Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1890.

Hrafnkel's Saga, Hrafnkel's Saga and Other Stories, translated by Hermann Palsson, Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1970.

The Tale of Hreidar The Fool, Hrafnkel's Saga and Other Stories, translated by Hermann Palsson, Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1970.

Hromund Grippsson's Saga, Translated by Gavin Chappell. © 2001 Gavin Chappell.

Ibn Fadlan's Account of the Rus with Some Commentary and Some Allusions to Beowulf by H. M. Smyser, 1965. pp 92-119.

The Saga of Illugi, The Foster Son of Grid. (2001) Translated by Gavin Chappell. © 2001 Gavin Chappell.

Ivar's Story, Hrafnkel's Saga and Other Stories, translated by Hermann Palsson, Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1970.

The Jomsvikings Saga, translated by Lee M. Hollander, The Saga of the Jomsvikings, Austin: University of Texas Press, 1990.

Ketill Trout's Saga, Translated by Gavin Chappell. © 2001 Gavin Chappell.

King Gautrek's Saga, Seven Viking Romances, translated by Magnusson, Magnus and Hermann Palsson, Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1980.

Kormaks Saga, electronic text edited, proofed, and prepared by Douglas B. Killings March 1995.

The Later Roman Empire (A.D. 354-378) - Ammianus Marcellinus, translate by Walter Hamilton, Viking Penguin 1986.

Laxdaela Saga (Laxdale Saga), translated by Muriel Press, The Temple Classics, London, 1899.

Njal's Saga, Translation by Sir George W. DaSent London, 1861.

Of the Kings of the Uplands, Translated by Gavin Chappell. © 2001 Gavin Chappell.

The Saga of Ref the Sly, The Sagas of the Icelanders, edited by Örnólfur Thorsson, translaters – Katrina C. Attwood, George Clark, Ruth C. Ellison, Terry Gunnell, Keneva Kunz, Anthony Maxwell, Martin S. Regal, Bernard Scudder and Andrew Wawn, Penguin Books - 2000, copyright 1997, Leifur Eiríksson Publishing LTD.

The Tale of Roi the Fool, Three Northern Love Stories and Other Tales, Translated by Eirikr Magnusson and William Morris, Longmans, Green, and Co. London – New York – Bombay, 1901.

Concerning the Ruin of Britain: De Excidio Britanniae, by Gildas (c. 540).

The Tale of Sarcastic Halli, The Sagas of the Icelanders, edited by Örnólfur Thorsson, translaters – Katrina C. Attwood, George Clark, Ruth C. Ellison, Terry Gunnell, Keneva Kunz, Anthony Maxwell, Martin S. Regal, Bernard Scudder and Andrew Wawn, Penguin Books - 2000, copyright 1997, Leifur Eiríksson Publishing LTD.

The Tale of he Story-Wise Icelander, The Sagas of the Icelanders, edited by Örnólfur Thorsson, translaters – Katrina C. Attwood, George Clark, Ruth C. Ellison, Terry Gunnell, Keneva Kunz, Anthony Maxwell, Martin S. Regal, Bernard Scudder and Andrew Wawn, Penguin Books - 2000, copyright 1997, Leifur Eiríksson Publishing LTD.

Thorstein Mansion-Might's Story, Seven Viking Romances, translated by Magnusson, Magnus and Hermann Palsson, Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1980.

The Tale of Thorstein Shiver, The Sagas of the Icelanders, edited by Örnólfur Thorsson, translaters – Katrina C. Attwood, George Clark, Ruth C. Ellison, Terry Gunnell, Keneva Kunz, Anthony Maxwell, Martin S. Regal, Bernard Scudder and Andrew Wawn, Penguin Books - 2000, copyright 1997, Leifur Eiríksson Publishing LTD.

The Tale of Thorstein Staff-Struck, Hrafnkel's Saga and Other Stories, translated by Hermann Palsson, Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1970.

Thorstein, Viking's Son's Saga in Viking Tales of North (1877) translated by Rasmus B. Anderson, Chicago: S. C. Griggs and Company London: Trübner & Co.

The Saga of Thrond of Gate (Færeyinga Saga), The Tale of Thrond of Gate Commonly Called Færeyinga Saga, Translated by F. York Powell, London
David Nutt, 270-71 Strand, 1896.

Vatnsdæla Saga, The Sagas of the Icelanders, edited by Örnólfur Thorsson, translaters – Katrina C. Attwood, George Clark, Ruth C. Ellison, Terry Gunnell, Keneva Kunz, Anthony Maxwell, Martin S. Regal, Bernard Scudder and Andrew Wawn, Penguin Books - 2000, copyright 1997, Leifur Eiríksson Publishing LTD.

Víga-Glúm's Saga. translated by Sir Edmund Head, Williams and Norgate, 1866.

The Story of Vigland the Fair, Three Northern Love Stories and Other Tales, Translated by Eirikr Magnusson and William Morris, Longmans, Green, and Co. London – New York – Bombay, 1901.

Volsunga Saga translated by William Morris and Eirikr Magnusson 1888.

Ynglinga Saga, Laing, London, 1844.





Abbreviations:

AH – The Story of Ale-Hood
AS – Audun's Story
ASX – The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
BB – Bolli Bollason's Tale
BS – Bandamanna Saga
DS – Droplaugarson's Saga
EA – Egil's and Asmund's Saga
EG – Egil's Saga
ENM - Estonian National Museum Web Site
ER – Eirik the Red's Saga
ES – Eybyggja Saga
FB – The Flatey Book
FS – Fljotsdale Saga
G – Germania
GA – Gautrek's Saga
GOTH - Gothic History Of Jordanes
GR - Saga of King Harald Grafeld and of Earl Hakon Son of Sigurd
GRE – Greendland's Saga
GS – Grettir's Saga
GSS – Gisli Sursson's Saga
GW - The Tale of Gunnlaug the Worm-tongue and Raven the Skald
GY – Gylfaginning (The Prose Edda)
HAH - The Tale of Hogni and Hedinn
HAK – The Saga of Hakon Herdebreid
HAL – The Story of Hallador Snorrason
HB – The Saga of Halfdan the Black
HE – The Story of Herraud and Bosa
HF – The Story of Hreidar the Fool
HG - The Saga of Hromund Gripsson
HH – Harald Harfager's Saga
HR – The Saga of Hrafnkel Freysgothi
HS – Heitharvega Saga
HT – The Story of Helgi Thorisson
JS – The Saga of the Jomsvikings
KS – Kormak's Saga
KT – The Saga of Ketil Trout
KU – Of the Kings of the Uplands
LRE - The Later Roman Empire (A.D. 354-378) - Ammianus Marcellinus
LS – Laxdaela Saga
MB – The Saga of Magnus Barefoot
ME – The Saga of Magnus Erlingsson
MG – The Saga of Magnus the Good
OH – The Saga of Olaf Haraldsson (St. Olaf)
OK – The Saga of Olaf Kyrre
OT – King Olaf Trygvisson's Saga
RF – The Tale of Roi the Fool
ROB - Concerning the Ruin of Britain: De Excidio Britanniae, by Gildas
RS – The Saga of Ref the Sly
SC – The Saga of Sigurd the Crusader and His Brothers Eystein and Olaf
SFB – The Saga oif Fridthjof the Bold
SH – The Tale of Sarcastic Halli
SHG – The Saga of Hakon the Good
SHH – The Saga of Harald Hardrade
SI – The Saga of Illugi
SIE – The Saga of Sigurd, Inge, and Eystein, the Sons of Harald
SMB – The Saga of Magnus the Blind and of Harald Gille
SW – The Tale of the Story-Wise Icelander
TG – The Saga of Thrond of Gate (Færeyinga Saga)
TMM – The Story of Thorstein Mansion-Might
TS – The Saga of Thorstein Staff-struck
TTS – The Tale of Thorstein Shiver
TVS – The Saga of Thorstein Viking's Son
VA – Vatnsdæla Saga
VF – The Story of Vigland the Fair
VGS – Viga Glum's Saga
VS – Volsunga Saga
YS – Ynglinga Saga